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ISLANDS
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BRAČ
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Brač is the biggest island
of the Middle Dalmatian group of islands, third in size among
Adriatic islands, surface of the island is 394,14 km2.
It is separated from land by Brač channel, and from Šolta by
Split gate, and from Hvar by Hvar channel.
The highest peak, Vidova
Gora (778 m) is also the highest peak of all Adriatic islands.
The Karst lime-stone relief with cracks, cavities, vallies and
bays are characteristics of the landscape. Rains fall in the
winter period of the year and winds influencing climate are:
north-east winds, south winds and landward breeze which blows
from the sea. The biggest and most famous town on the island are
: Pučišća, Supetar, Bol, Sutivan, Sumartin, Postire and
Milna. The main agricultural product are oil, wine and fruits,
and inhgabitants are also engaged in fishing, fish processing
and more and more in tourism. The island is also known by quary
of the famous Brač stone. The main quarries are by Pučišća
and Postira.
The island was already in the Neolitic age,
through the Bronze and Iron ages untill today. Thne Antic name
for Brač is Brattia. During the rule of empire Diocletian the
numerous querries started to be exploited. In the early Middle
Ages Brač was under the rule of Byzantium, and in the 9th
century it was occupied by Slavic tribe Neretljani, and then it
became part of the Croatia state. In 13th century Brač was
under the rule of Omiš, and in 1240 came under the rule of
Split. From 1420-1797. Brač was under the Venice which
recognized it the old privilages. In 16th century the new
settlements were built by the sea as well as protective towers
(Pučišća and Sutivan). After the fall of Venice, Brač was
under Austrian rule untill 1806., then it became the base of
Russian fleet for North Adriatic and afterwards again came under
the rule of Austria until 1918.
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HVAR
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Hvar is an island of the
Middle Dalmatian group of islands. It has surface of 299,16 km2.
The island is 68 km long, and the biggest width is 10,5 km. Hvar
lies between islands Brač, Vis, Korčula, penniunsula Pelješec
and Makarska riviera.
In front of the west side
of the south coast there are Pakleni otoci (Hell's islands). The
north coast of the island, with vast Starigrad bay and numerous
coves is much more indented than the south one. Climate is mild
Meditarranean and there are the most sunny days in the year of
all islands in Adriatic sea. Beside bare stone grounds, macchia
grows sporadiccally; in lower part holly oak grows, Alepian pine
and other evergreen plants. There are no water flows on the
island, and the highest peak is Saint Nicholas (626 m). The
majority of settlements developed around Velo polje, and bigger
settlements lie at the coast (Hvar, Stari Grad, Jelsa, Vrboska).
Inhabitants are engaged in
agriculture: olives, wine growing, fig trees and lavanda.
Tourism is especially developed in the towns Hvar, Jelsa and
Stari Grad. Bigger settlements are connected by the road, and
coastal settlements have shipping lines with the ports on the
land and neighbouring islands.
Hvar had been inhabited since the Neolitic
agre (caves Grapčeva, Pokrivenik and Markova). Greeks founded
Faros colony (Stari Grad) and Dimos (Hvar) on the island. In 7th
century Slavic tribe neretljani inhabited the island. In the
following centuries the island was under the rule of Byzantium,
Venice and Hungarian kings etc. In 1278. it came under
protection of Venice. During Napoleion wars it was occupied by
Austrians, French, Englishmen and again Austrians. As the rest
of Dalmatia it was under the rule of Austria, i.e.
Austria-Hungary from 1815-1918., and from 1918-1922 under
Italian rule.
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KRK
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Krk is an island in the
Kvarner group of islands. It has a surface of 409 km2, and it is
the biggest island at the Adriatic sea. The north part of the
island is lower, more furtile and inhabited, while higher, south
part is mostly bared lime-stone ground. All bigger settlements
are located at the coast (Krk, Baška, Malinska, Omišalj,
Punat, Vrbnik).
Beside well developed
agriculture and cattle breeding, fishing and tourism also have
important role in economy. In the north, wooded part of the
island there are also game hunting districts. Good ferry lines
and Krk bridge are also suitable for tourist development.
The continuity of
settlements on the island Krk started in neolitic (caves at the
edge of Bašćanska Draga, Vrbnik cave), further to the Bronze
and Iron Age (ruins and tumulis near Malinska, Vrbnik and Baška)
till today. The oldest known inhabitants on the island were
Liburnii. In the Roman period there was settlement Curricum at
the place of present town Krk. In the Middle Ages Krk recognized
Byzantium rule, then Venice which in 1118. gave the property to
Krk princes, future Frankopan family by contract. In 1480. it
came under Venetian rule again and became one of the last
Croatian island joined to Venetian Dalmatia.
The oldest monument in
Glagolitic alphabet is inscription from 9th century from former
Benedictine abbey of Saint Lawrence in the town Krk. Among many
monuments written in Glagolitic alphabet at the island Krk it is
definately worthwhile to point out «Statut Vrbanski» (1388 g.)
and "Vrbnički misal" decorated by miniature from
1642. The line of significant monuments mark different phasis of
arhitecure development:the Early Christian (remnants of original
chatedral in the town Krk), Preromanesque period (Saint Donat
near Punat), Early Romanesque period (Saint Quirin in the town
Krk) and Gothic (Saint Francis in the town Krk).
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LOŠINJ
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Lošinj is an island in the
western line of Kvarner group of islands. It is separated from
the island Cres by 11 m wide artificial channel (Osorski
tjesnac), with the bridge. Lošinj is 31 km long. The ground is
mostly from cretaceous lime stone and dolomits, while at the
west side of the penninsula Kurila there is some detritus of
sand. The north and south parts of the island are eveidentaly
wider and broader than the middle part, narrow zonw called
Privlaka. At the west side of Privlaka there is a vast bay which
is considered as the one of the most beautiful bays of the
Adriatic coast with two coves: Kovcanja and port Mali Lošinj.
In the line of bays south of the bay Čikat is distinguished.
The northwest coast of the
island Lošinj is steep, rocky and due to its unindentedness it
is not suitable for putting in. The middle part of the west
coast is very indented. The east coast is more laid down than
the west one. In the middle part it is not indented and is
exposed to the north-east winds, while at the southeast part
there are numerous bays. The climate on the island is mild and
is full of evergreen vegetation (myrtle, laurel etc.) Pine woods
are arround Veli Lošinj, Čikat and alongside of southwest
coast.
Once important by its
nautical and shipping role, Lošinj became at the end of the
19th century one of the island with higher developement of
tourism, and in 1892. Mali and Veli Lošinj were proclaimed as
the climate places. Beside tourism, the important role in the
economy has shipping and fishing. The center of the island is
Mali Lošinj, center of the traffic lines with other settlement
of the island with neighbouring islands and land.
Lošinj was inhabited in prehistoric times
(ruins around port Mali Lošinj). In the Antic period Lošinj
and Cres had common name Apsirtide. The remnants of the Roman
villas were found on several locations such as villae rusticae
Liski and Saint Jacob. From the Romanesque period a few eremitic
churches were preserved: Saint Lovreć, Saint Peter, Saint
Jacob. The first inhabitants from the land were mentioned in
1280. and their settlement gained by contract with Osor in 1389.
the local autonomy. The name Lošinj was first mentioned in
documents in 1384. (Isola di Lussin). In 18th and 19th century
the island went through intensive development of trade, shipping
industry and maritime.
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PAG
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Pag is the island of the
North Dalmatian group, surface of 284,5 km2. Larger
settlements on the island Pag are: Pag, Novalja, Stara Novalja,
Lun and Caska. Southwest coast of the island is flat, and
northeast coast is steep and high with Pag bay (with huge bay
Caska) and Stara Novalja bay located here.
Climate on the island is
Meditarranean, the biggest part of the island is rocky ground,
while smaller part is covered by macchia. In the vallies and
fields (Novaljsko, Povljansko, Vlašićko and Dinjsko) wines,
vegetables and fruits are cultivated. The area of penninsula
Luna is mostly planted with olive trees, so the manufacturing of
oil is well developed. Inhabitants also breed sheeps, and make
famous Pag cheese. The tradition on the island is also making of
the Pag lace, far knonb. Beside these, the island is also very
famous by salt production (Pag slat-pan).
Main towns on the island
are linked by road which is the extenstion of the Adriatic
highway. Beside ship lines, it is linked to the land by bridge
(Pag bridge).
In the pre-historic period
the oisland was inhabited by Illyric Liburnii which is evident
in the remnants of the forts and necropolis by Kolana. At the
beginning to the 1st cenutrry Romans built fortification system
for the defence from Illyric tribes; big Castrum Cissa (Caska),
port castrum Novalia (Novalja) and some smaller forts. Beside
these forts there were also some bigger Roman settlements
(Pagus) and a few smaller. Slavs inhabited the island very
early, and tehir main settlement was Keša (present Novalja). In
1071. king Petar Krešimir th 4th donated the north part of the
island to the Rab church, and south part to Zadar, which caused
frequent conflicts on the island. Between 1409-1797. Pag had
been under Venetian rule, and after came under Austrian rule.
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